Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most frequent orthopedic conditions, and it can be felt in the back region from below the ribs to the buttocks. The causes of LBP are multifactorial, but biomechanics faults and neurophysiological factors are important in the underlying mechanisms of LBP. Several treatments have been proposed for LBP; among the ones that do NOT involve medicines are electrothermic agents (electrical stimulation, cold, and heat), strengthening and stretching exercises, and manual therapy. The latter has been used extensively by physical therapists, osteopathic physicians, and chiropractors in orthopedic settings. Manual therapy includes the techniques in which the therapist uses the hands to mobilize your soft tissue, fascia (connective tissue sheet that covers organs and muscles), and joints, as well as to activate and inhibit muscles. Included in the therapy manual framework are the spine mobilization techniques. The physical therapist applies small oscillatory movements to the spine joints that might be painful or with limited movement. A recent literature review, including 19 scientific studies developed by our research group, revealed that spinal mobilization is effective for patients with LBP, improving pain, function, and range of movement. However, spinal mobilizations may be as effective as other treatments, such as manipulation or standard exercises, said the study. Most importantly, to answer the question “How can I treat my low back pain?” is to be assessed by a physical therapist in case conservative treatment is the choice. The correct physical therapy diagnosis will determine which treatment you need. For example, are your muscles weak, tight, or both? Which muscles? How are your spinal curves? How are your spine and joint mobility? The answers to these and other questions related to your musculoskeletal system will determine the best treatment for you.
Marcio dos Santos
References:
Aoyagi K, Heller D, Hazlewood D, Sharma N, Dos Santos M. Is spinal mobilization effective for low back pain?: A systematic review. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2019;34:51-63.
Dutton M. Dutton’s orthopaedic examination, evaluation, and intervention. Fifth edition. ed. New York: McGraw Hill Education; 2020.
